According to MacCormack, there are several reasons why this is so:
- Products are becoming more complex, and therefore it's impossible to retain all the competencies in house to create them.
- Open standards and architectures help allow work to be more readily distributed to partners.
- The growth of developing economies means that competitive, at times distinctive work is available at lower prices.
I'm not aware of anything in business-school curricula to prepare the next generation of managers for this challenge. (HBS students should seek out courses by Bazerman and Malhotra, as well as MacCormack.) There certainly was nothing of this sort that I learned for my MBA--any learning was entirely OJT.
negotiation, innovation, open innovation, alliances, HBS Working Knowledge
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